What Is Transcendentalism Understanding the Movement

What Is Transcendentalism Understanding the Movement SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Befuddled about introspective philosophy? You’re not the only one! Introspective philosophy is a development that numerous individuals created over a significant stretch of time, and subsequently, its unpredictability can make it difficult to comprehend. That’s where we come in. Peruse this article to gain proficiency with a straightforward yet complete introspective philosophy definition, key visionary convictions, a diagram of the development's history, key players, and instances of visionary works. Before the end, you’ll have all the data you have to expound on or talk about the visionary development. What Is Transcendentalism? It’s about otherworldliness. Introspective philosophy is a way of thinking that started in the mid-nineteenth century and whose establishing individuals included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. It revolves around the conviction that otherworldliness can't be accomplished through explanation and realism, yet rather through self-reflection and instinct. As it were, visionaries accept otherworldliness isn’t something you can clarify; it’s something you feel. A visionary would contend that taking a stroll in an excellent spot would be a substantially more otherworldly experience than perusing a strict book. The introspective philosophy development emerged as a resultof a response to Unitarianism just as the Age of Reason. Both fixated on reason as the principle wellspring of information, yet visionaries dismissed that thought. A portion of the visionary convictions are: People are inalienably acceptable Society and its organizations, for example, sorted out religion and legislative issues are debasing. Rather than being a piece of them, people ought to endeavor to be free and confident Otherworldliness should originate from oneself, not sorted out religion Understanding and experience are a higher priority than rationale Nature is excellent, ought to be profoundly valued, and shouldn’t be changed by people Significant Transcendentalist Values The visionary development enveloped numerous convictions, however these all fit into their three principle estimations of independence, vision, and the heavenliness of nature. Independence Maybe the most significant visionary worth was the significance of the person. They considered the to be as unadulterated, and they accepted that society and its establishments ruined this immaculateness. Visionaries profoundly esteemed the idea of having an independent mind and accepted individuals were best when they were autonomous and could have an independent perspective. At exactly that point could people meet up and structure perfect networks. Vision The attention on vision originates from Romanticism, a marginally prior development. Rather than esteeming rationale and scholarly information the same number of instructed individuals at the time did, visionaries put extraordinary significance on creative mind, instinct and imagination. They saw the estimations of the Age of Reason as controlling and keeping, and they needed to bring back a more â€Å"ideal† and agreeable method of living. Holiness of Nature Visionaries didn’t have confidence in sorted out religion, however they were profound. Rather than trusting in the heavenly nature of strict figures, they considered nature to be sacrosanct and divine. They trusted it was significant for people to have a cozy relationship with nature, a similar way strict pioneers lecture about the significance of having a cozy relationship with God. Visionaries considered nature to be flawless as it seemed to be; people shouldn’t attempt to change or improve it. History of the Transcendentalist Movement What’s the historical backdrop of introspective philosophy? Here’s a diagram of the development, covering its start, stature, and inevitable decrease. Birthplaces While individuals had started examining thoughts identified with introspective philosophy since the mid 1800s, the development itself has its beginnings in 1830s New England, explicitly Massachusetts. Unitarianism was the significant religion in the zone, and it accentuated otherworldliness and edification through rationale, information, and judiciousness. Youngsters considering Unitarianism who couldn't help contradicting these convictions started to meet casually. Unitarianism was an especially huge piece of life at Harvard University, where a significant number of the principal visionaries went to class. In September 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson sorted out the principal meeting of what might later be known as the Transcendental Club. Together the gathering examined disappointments of Unitarianism and their primary convictions, drawing on thoughts from Romanticism, German scholars, and the Hindu profound writings the Upanishads. The visionaries start to distribute works on their convictions, starting with Emerson’s article â€Å"Nature.† Tallness The Transcendental Club kept on meeting normally, attracting new individuals, and key figures, especially Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, distributed various articles to additionally spread visionary convictions. In 1840, the diary The Dial was made for visionaries to distribute their works. Perfect world networks, for example, Brook Farm and Fruitlands endeavored to make introspective philosophy a total way of life. Decay Before the finish of the 1840s, many key visionaries had started to move onto different interests, and the development declined. This decrease was additionally hurried by the inconvenient demise of Margaret Fuller, one of the main visionaries and prime supporter of The Dial. While there was a littler second flood of introspective philosophy during this time, the concise resurgence couldn’t bring back the ubiquity the development had delighted in the earlier decade, and introspective philosophy slowly blurred from open talk, in spite of the fact that individuals still absolutely share the movement’s convictions. Indeed, even as of late, motion pictures, for example, The Dead Poets Society and The Lion King express visionary convictions, for example, the significance of free reasoning, independence, and appreciating the occasion. Key Figures in the Transcendentalist Movement At its tallness, numerous individuals upheld the convictions of introspective philosophy, and various notable names from the nineteenth century have been related with the development. The following are five key visionaries. Ralph Waldo Emerson Emerson is the key figure in introspective philosophy. He united a significant number of the first visionaries, and his compositions structure the establishment of a considerable lot of the movement’s convictions. The day preceding he distributed his exposition â€Å"Nature† he welcomed a gathering of his companions to join the â€Å"Transcendental Club† a gathering of similarly invested people to talk about their convictions. He kept on facilitating club gatherings, compose papers, and offer discourses to advance introspective philosophy. A portion of his most significant visionary articles incorporate â€Å"The Over-Soul,† â€Å"Self-Reliance,† â€Å"The American Scholar† and â€Å"Divinity School Address.† Henry David Thoreau The second-most significant visionary, Thoreau was a companion of Emerson’s who is most popular for his book Walden. Walden is centered around the advantages of independence, basic living and close contact with and perception of nature. Thoreau likewise regularly restricted the legislature and its activities, most quite in his exposition â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† Margaret Fuller Margaret Fuller was maybe the main female visionary. A notable writer and passionate supporter of women’s rights, she helped help establish The Dial, the key visionary diary, with Emerson, which helped concrete her place in the development and spread the thoughts of introspective philosophy to a more extensive crowd. An exposition she composed for the diary was later distributed as the book Woman in the Nineteenth Century, one of the most punctual women's activist works in the United States. She put stock in the significance of the individual, however regularly felt that different visionaries, to be specific Emerson, centered a lot around independence to the detriment of social change. Amos Bronson Alcott A companion of Emerson’s, Alcott (father of Little Women’s Louisa May Alcott), was an instructor known for his inventive methods of educating and revising understudies. He composed various pieces on introspective philosophy, yet the nature of his composing was with the end goal that most were unpublishable. A prominent abolitionist, he would not pay his survey assessment to fight President Tyler’s addition of Texas as a slave an area. This occurrence propelled Thoreau to do a comparable dissent, which prompted him composing the article â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† Frederic Henry Hedge Frederic Henry Hedge met Emerson when both were understudies at Harvard Divinity School. Support was concentrating to turn into a Unitarian pastor, and he had just gone through quite a long while examining music and writing in Germany. Emerson welcomed him to join the main gathering of the Transcendental Club (initially called Hedge’s Club, after him), and he went to gatherings for quite a long while. He kept in touch with the absolute most punctual pieces later sorted as Transcendentalist works, yet he later turned out to be to some degree distanced from the gathering and would not compose pieces for The Dial. George Ripley Like Hedge, Ripley was additionally a Unitarian pastor and establishing individual from the Transcendental Club. He established the Utopian people group Brook Farm dependent on significant Transcendentalist convictions. Stream Farm inhabitants would work the ranch (whichever employments they discovered generally engaging) and utilize their recreation time to seek after exercises they delighted in, for example, moving, music, games, and perusing. In any case, the homestead was always unable to do well monetarily, and the trial finished after only a couple of years. Reactions of Transcendentalism From its beginning, introspective philosophy pulled in various pundits for its nontraditional, and now and again inside and out outsider, thoughts. Numerous visionaries were viewed as outsiders, and numerous diaries wouldn't distribute works composed by them. The following are probably the most widely recognized reactions. Otherworldliness Over Organized Religion For a great many people, the most stunning angle

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers fc

The death penalty      What does the death penalty accomplish for our general public? Does it truly improve our general public, or is it only a path for our legislature to manage the abnormalities that go with any evil impeccable society? Introduced here are realities about capital punishment that will let you choose whether or not the death penalty is required. There is a chance of blunder when capital punishment is utilized upon a sentenced criminal. Ordinarily, an individual who is blamed for a wrongdoing, and put to death due to this wrongdoing has been later end up being guiltless because of extra proof. However, since the individual blamed for the wrongdoing has had his life taken from them, there is zero chance to disclose to them that the legislature committed an error and to release that individual and experience a mind-blowing remainder. The legislature must proceed on realizing that they have slaughtered an honest individual and the individual they wished to murder, was sans still. There is no safeguard answer for keep guiltless individuals from being executed. Our legal framework is comprised of people, and we individuals are inclined to botches. A portion of these slip-ups are irreversible. There is likewise a racial inclination when capital punishment is done. â€Å"Since the resumption of executions in the mid 1980's, 40 percent of those executed have been black.† And as a rule blacks were more frequently executed than were whites without having their conviction audited by any higher court. The expense of carr... The death penalty Essay - articles look into papers fc The death penalty      What does the death penalty accomplish for our general public? Does it truly improve our general public, or is it only a path for our administration to manage the abnormalities that go with any evil flawless society? Introduced here are realities about capital punishment that will let you choose whether or not the death penalty is required. There is a chance of mistake when capital punishment is utilized upon an indicted criminal. Commonly, an individual who is blamed for a wrongdoing, and put to death due to this wrongdoing has been later end up being honest because of extra proof. Yet, since the individual blamed for the wrongdoing has had his life taken from them, there is zero chance to disclose to them that the legislature committed an error and to release that individual and experience an incredible remainder. The administration must proceed on realizing that they have murdered an honest individual and the individual they wished to slaughter, was sans still. There is no safeguard answer for keep guiltless individuals from being executed. Our legal framework is comprised of people, and we individuals are inclined to botches. A portion of these errors are irreversible. There is likewise a racial predisposition when capital punishment is done. â€Å"Since the resumption of executions in the mid 1980's, 40 percent of those executed have been black.† And as a general rule blacks were more frequently executed than were whites without having their conviction assessed by any higher court. The expense of carr...

What NOT to Say in an Admissions Interview

What NOT to Say in an Admissions Interview What NOT to Say in an Admissions Interview Been invited to attend a university admissions interview? Run your eye over this checklist â€" and then try to make sure none of these sentences emerges from your mouth!1.  â€œHow long are the holidays?” (Or, if you’re a postgraduate student, “How much time off can I take?”)  Fair enough, you may think â€" we all need time out. True, but the admissions interview is NOT the time to ask! Here you need to focus on showing off the side of you that can’t wait to get stuck into all that juicy coursework/research â€" not the part that’s looking forward to spending the summer break travelling... Figure that stuff out afterwards, once you’ve got an offer of a place firmly under your belt.There’s a personal anecdote to this one... My brother, who’s a brilliant PhD student (#embarrassing-big-sister) nearly missed out on his place because he asked this. Apparently his supervisors almost strangled him afterwards.2.  â€œCan I change courses if I change my mind?”Again, a legitimate question; not everyone is totally sure what they want to study, and that’s ok. But again, this is not the time to ask. Admissions tutors will be looking for applicants who seem really passionate about the course they’re applying to.Even if you’ve got some doubts, try to focus on the parts you ARE certain about â€" there must be something that really gets you excited, whether it’s a particular topic in the course, or even an aspect of academia (“I just really, really, really get a kick out of footnotes...”)Think about what it is that gets your eyes glinting, words racing and arms waving about in the air. (Warning: these gestures should only be attempted if they are the natural effect of genuine enthusiasm. If you fake them, you may just look a bit crazy.)3. “What topics are on the course?”You might think this is quite a good question, showing your interest. WRONG. If you were really interested, you would’ve proved that by checking the course content BEFORE turning up to the admission interview.  Instead, ask a question that proves you've studied the syllabus from start to finish, such as “I noticed you didn’t offer the module in Ancient Greek Artwork last year â€" are there any plans to reintroduce this?”4. “I’d like to read you a poem I wrote...”Again, there’s a personal anecdote here. No, I didn’t attempt to read out a poem during my undergraduate admissions interview, but apparently one of the other candidates did. I found out from one of the tutors later. I seem to recall she was pretty much crying with laughter...OK, so you may strike lucky and find an admissions tutor who just really digs your haikus. But then again, you might not.5.  â€œWhat I really wanted to do was...”No, no, no. As covered in #2, you need to try and show off your enthusiasm for THIS opportunity â€" and therefore avoid any suggestion that it was a second-choice option for you. You probably have considered other options, which is great â€" that shows you’ve done your research. But make sure you present this from the right angle. As in, imagine you’re writing an essay entitled, How I Came To Decide That This Course Is The One For Me.Or if you pre fer, think of this as a first date. Yes, you may still be making up your mind about how much you like the other person, but you still wouldn’t start telling them about how you only asked them out because the guy/girl you REALLY liked turned you down...6.  â€œWhen I had my interview at XXXXXX...”This follows on from the point above. It’s usual to apply to more than one university â€" and admissions tutors know this. However, it’s not usually the best idea to start talking about other places you’re considering â€" because that turns the conversation away from the focus on why THIS course is right for you, and why YOU are right for the course.However, you do need to consider what you’ll say if the interviewer asks you about what other options you’re considering. Try to use this as an opportunity to show that you’ve done plenty of research, and to emphasize how well this particular program matches you, and vice versa.7.  â€œActually the journey was terrible/ My dog just died/ I’ve had this awful rash...”Finally, a bit of general chit chat is fine â€" the interviewer may ask how your journey was, for example â€" but don’t allow yourself to use this as an opportunity to start unloading all your problems/anxieties/recurring nightmares. Ie. NO MOANING!Again, remember you’re trying to show yourself at your best. And generally that means you want to come across as an energetic, positive individual â€" not remembered as ‘the guy who had some issues’.End of lecture! And I feel like I should add, try to avoid coming across as a sanctimonious know-it-all, as I possibly have in this blog post... Good luck!

Challenges and Opportunities of a Manager - 1095 Words

MANAGER’S CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CLIMATE VARUN ADITYA MURALINATHAN 4071817 In the current economic climate, most of the countries are facing recession for the past few years. Apart from the effective management of time for getting things done, the basic things to be followed are career planning, effective team building, improve as a communicator, on motivating others, controlling recession driven economic scenario and must be a leader as well†¦show more content†¦The MBA grades especially those in the highly-paid sectors of investment banking and private equity is a topic of great investment in any economy. In the current economic climate, it is given that Finance industry is not the easiest place to find a job in a moment of recession. But for few managers of MBA grade with a good work experience are enough to l and a job. The recruiters are fed up the new employees because of the salary they expect. As most of the countries are facing recession for the past few years, the flow of providing salary has been decreased. So finally, what can you do to land yourself in a job, in investment banking or private equity in this economic climate? It is left as a question mark for the opportunities of managers in the current economic climate. I conclude that managers have more challenges than opportunities. Management is complicated. It requires proper managerial skills and motivation. But most of all it requires commitment. So managers must have to concentrate on their interpersonal skills like professional communication, motivation and showing genuine concern. Moreover, the smart mistakes can provide innovative and creative ideas whereas the fatal mistakes which leads to the disastrous results by the manager to the industry. The Budgeting is one of the big responsibilities for managers. 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1967 Cultural Revolution of China - 1617 Words

Question: Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution? For instance, do you think the occurrence of the CR had any connections with the CCP s organizing principle and guiding ideologies, such as democratic dictatorship and the democratic-centralism, or was caused more by other reasons? Also, although many things people did during the Cultural Revolution look so absurd, irrational, and even cruel today, millions of Chinese, especially the Chinese youth seemed to be obsessed with the movement during that time. What do you think motivated the public to respond to Mao s last revolution so actively? Please give your explanations. Moreover, please also discuss: How some Cultural Revolution mentality or phenomena remain working nowadays and†¦show more content†¦For Mao, It was impossible to tolerate the fact that political elites of CCP were no longer cohesive and shared the same ideology. In order to achieve pure communism in the state, there was a need to remove other ideology which might probably undermine the governance of CCP. Therefore, Cultural Revolution was triggered off to eliminate people and elites who caused class struggle and violate the dominant dictatorship of CCP. 4. Explanation for active public response. 4.1 Cultural Revolution gained public supports though some scholars described it as â€Å"Ten-year disaster†. It did really badly affected people’s livelihood at that time. Indeed, it has aroused many scholars’ interest to study the general public’s enthusiasm for this massive movement. In order to transform China into a pure communist state, massive propaganda work has implemented to promote Chinese political philosophy. During the â€Å"First Five Year Plan†, the â€Å"Campaign on Education of Illiteracy† was launched to infused people with communist ideology. People who are the lower class of society like peasants, students and workers were the most targeted group because they occupied a larger proportion of population at that time. Mao manipulated people’s mindset by instilled people with communist value and ideals. (Guo,2013) People were easily controlled and influenced at that time for having not much education and more important ly communism was promoted asShow MoreRelatedMao Zedong : The Revolutionary Revolution1607 Words   |  7 PagesIf you applied the chaos theory to Chinas Revolution, Mao Zedong would most definitely be the butterfly whose wings set off a series of disasters in China. He assembled the Chinese youth in 1966, to initiate the â€Å"Cultural Revolution† . This revolution was a violent operation eliminating thoughts, customs, old Chinese culture, and habits, removing â€Å"counter-revolutionary† party members, and heightening Mao’s personality cult . 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TheRead MoreNo Revolutionary Paradox By Nien Cheng838 Words   |  4 Pagesto the Cultural Revolution in China, most of these memories are drafted by the adolescents of that time who identified themselves as the Red Guards. However, once reading a book/story such as that of Nien Cheng’s, the perspective of the victim and every sort of political aspect of someone who understood everything makes the whole revolution within China come to life for the reader. Nien Cheng’s novel is the heart and living explanation of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution that China had almostRead MoreCultural Revolution And Its Effect On The World Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesStudents in Cultural Revolution in 1960s China In 1960s, the wave of revolution spread all over the world, as well in China. It is said that China was experiencing an energetic and fanatical revolution from 1966 to 1976 called â€Å"Culture Revolution† which was directed against some specific fields of Culture such as foreign capitalism literature and traditional customs. The purpose of the President Mao is to consolidate the regime and clean the opponents. But how could the people believe himRead MoreEssay about Life for Teenagers in China During the Late 1960s1246 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever wondered how life must have been for teenagers in China during the late 1960s? Most teenagers were inspired to fight in the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was a movement in 1966. Mao Zedong motivated millions of chinese youths to challenge authority in order to depart from socialism. To further control the actions and ideas of the people in China, a group of youths called the â€Å"Red Guards† followed Mao’s beliefs and humiliated non-believers. These adolescents joined theRead MoreTo What Extent Did The Chinese Cultural Revolution Impacted China s Economy From 1966-1970?2063 Words   |  9 PagesTo what extent did the Chinese Cultural Revolution impact the Chinese economy from 1966-1970? —————————————————— Word Count: 1984 excluding section headings Number of Pages: 17 Table of Contents Plan of Investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Summary of Evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Evaluation of Sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Analysis of Evidence.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12SectionRead MoreMay Fourth Movement and Beyond1056 Words   |  5 PagesMao Zedong, the prominent leader of the Cultural Revolution and one of the innovators of the People’s Republic of China, once declared, â€Å"Classes struggle, some classes triumph, others are eliminated. Such is history; such is the history of civilization for thousands of years.† By the time the Qing Dynasty met its inevitable downfall in 1919, a new set of radicals started protesting of a new form of government on May Fourth. This movement, known as the May Fourth Movement, facilitated the MarxistRead MoreEssay about Chaotic Period During the Cultural Revolution in China2332 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The period of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) was a period in which every level of society was subjected to great sufferings. Although the loss of life was greater during the Great Leap Forward and the second Sino-Japanese war, suffering is not only measured in loss of life. Great pieces of cultural heritage was destroyed, official institutions seized functioning and everyone was in danger of being accused of counter-revolutionary (so called black) activities or tendencies.

Global Warming Humans Are Destroying the Planet Essay

Global warming is the gradual increase of temperature in the world’s atmosphere. It is often caused by high levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. It may also be increased by fossil fuels and agriculture causing many severe consequences, such as: species extinction, reduced forest and coral reefs, drought increases in Africa, severe flooding in Asia, threats to small islands because of ocean levels rising, and severe weather in hurricane zones. Our society today is destroying the climate. Every time we drive our vehicles just to get out of the house for fun or because we forget and have to make a double run, when we run our electric too long, wasting water, burning our trash, especially plastics, and just not taking proper care of†¦show more content†¦The melting of ice sheets and snow caps will return to the oceans and result in higher sea levels. Over the past nine hundred years, data of tree rings, ice cores, coral reefs and other direct measurements have b een taken and made to conduct various studies on the subject of climate change at hand. (Prothero) The most obvious results are the temperature; the temperature is increased in such a tangible way. The studies conducted were primarily so they would have it written down on paper, for proof. Since the 20th century the earth’s mean temperature has increased by about 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Everyone knew of the changes. The changes in temperature could be felt, and they were. The temperature was starting to make people realize that there was a change occurring and they needed to make a change themselves. The affect people have on the world is a grand one, yet most do not know or even understand this. Most people do not care or ever think of it, assuming that the Earth will self-sustain itself. This cannot be assumed or even true due to our unhealthy habits. Our selfish habits prevent the world from its self-preservation and it eventually it will not be able to withstand and soon it will be destroyed if we cannot make a change; a change that will happen quickly and work effectively. How many people in the United States are truly aware of global warming? If people areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Global Warming: Humans Are Destroying the Planet1327 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone knows that global warming is a serious environmental health problem with its effects reflecting on nature and all of mankind on Earth since the mid-twentieth century – emission of concentrated greenhouse gases, rise of sea levels, melting of polar ice caps, and increase in global surface air temperature. The rise in global surface air temperature causes frequent droughts in dry areas and accelerated ocean warming and hence the rapid increase in sea levels and melting of the polar ice capsRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The Biggest Problem Of The World Or Face Imminent Destruction? Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pages2) Humankind has shaped the Earth to what it is today by destroying land, building factories, real estate, burning fossils fuels, and even by just driving a motor vehicle around. Thi s all led to the epidemic we call today as global warming. Taking a stance to make a change against global warming is very important but it also might be too late. Global warming is real and it is one of the biggest problems civilization faces. The rising global temperature threatens to create insane weather changes,Read MoreGlobal Warming : Human Exploit Or Natural Phenomenon941 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming; Human Exploit or Natural Phenomenon Global warming stems back to the beginning of time. In more recent years, however, the discussion about this phenomenon has been that it’s happening too rapidly and opposing sides argue that this may be a natural occurrence involving the sun or the result of human activity in which may be to blame. An adversary from St. Petersburg s Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory in Russia, the head of space research, Habibullo Abdussamatov stated that â€Å"Man-madeRead MoreGlobal Warming : Is The Planet Earth Just Going Through A Natural Warming?866 Words   |  4 PagesBautista Global warming a real or is the planet Earth just going through a natural warming, and cooling cycles? There are a number of people that believe global warming does not exists, that the planet Earth goes through changes of warm and cool temperatures, every ninety to hundred years. But, there is also a bigger number of people saying that this is not true, and the changes of warm temperatures that are happening now, and the changes of the last thirty years are due to a global warming, done byRead MoreGlobal Warming Will Destroy Our Planet Earth1355 Words   |  6 Pages Title: Global Warming Will Destroy Our Planet Earth Introduction: The most important place in our galaxy that we know is inhabitable is now being destroyed by humans. As humanity has grown over the years, we have created many problems along the way that later we will regret. The main problem that our planet is facing right now is called global warming. Throughout the years we have damaged many ecosystems trying to better ourselves, and we have not yet think about once the danger we are puttingRead MoreDeforestation of Our Rainforests931 Words   |  4 PagesThe most destructive and harmful tragedy that our rainforests, specifically the Amazon, suffer from is deforestation. Deforestation is the clearing or destruction of land throughout forests. Unfortunately, human beings are the number one cause of deforestation throughout the world. The reason if this is simply because we use the wood mainly for things like hydroelectric dams that power communities, palm oil for its biofuel resourcefulness, and the mining for diamond and gold. Ano ther reason wouldRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The World Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is changing more and more but not in a very good way that it can end in the extinction of the planet earth. â€Å"Earth Hasn’t Heated Up This Fast Since the Dinosaurs’ End† (Lavelle). Carbon is growing so fast in the atmosphere faster than in the past 66 million years since the dinosaurs went extinct (Lavelle). All the presidents hold a position of power that could change this big problem that the planet is having, behind this problem there is other problems that are causing a much bigger problem inRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1311 Words   |  6 Pagesdestroyed by man. As humanity has revolutionized we have created many problems along the way. The main problem we are facing right now is called global warming. We have damaged many ecosystems trying to better ourselves, and we have not yet once thought about the damage we are inflicting on our mothe r earth. We are already beginning to see the effects of global warming. It will make little changes that will have a huge impact, and devastate many ecosystems and everything living on earth. Thesis: If weRead MoreTittle : Global Warming Will Destroy Us1316 Words   |  6 PagesTittle: Global Warming will destroy us Introduction: The only place in our galaxy that we know is inhabitable is now being destroyed by man. As humanity has revolutionized we have created many problems along the way. The main problem we are facing right now is called global warming. We have damaged many ecosystems trying to better ourselves, and we have not yet once thought about the damage we are inflicting on our mother earth. We are already beginning to see the effects of global warming. It willRead MoreHow Do Pollution Affect The Life?941 Words   |  4 Pagesearth? The global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. The main cause of pollution is the human being. The contamination caused damage not only in animals and plants but also in the same man. In their attempt to progress and have an easier and bearable life has invented and used products that are destroying stability and

Capital Investment Time value of money and Importance of NPV and IRR

Question: Describe about Time value of money, Net present value of IRR and Importance of NPV and IRR? Answer: Introduction The feasibility of a business project for building a new project or investment in a long term venture can be determined by the capital budgeting procedures. The cash inflows from the investment in a project can be determined in order to determine whether the returns generated from the investment will be sufficient for the target project (Belli, 2001). Time Value of money The idea that money is available at the present time is worth more than the same amount of money in the future due to the potential earning capacity can be determined by time value of money (Clayton and Spivey, 2015). It is used for the comparison of the investment alternatives and solving the problems related to loans, mortgages, savings and annuities. For example, dollar can be invested for one year at an interest rate of 6% annually. At the end of one year an interest amounting to $1.06 will be accumulated (Silver, 2009). Net Present value and IRR Net present value can be defined as the sum of the present values of the cash inflows and the outflow of cash during a period of time. Net present value serves as a tool for determining the feasibility of a particular project (Nikbakht, Nikbakht and Groppelli, n.d.). The net present value of inflows includes the salvage value if there is any which is subtracted from the investment in the project initially. It is considered as one of the reliable methods as it considers the time value of money by using the inflows which has been discounted (Belli, 2001). Internal rate of return is a capital budgeting method to measure and compare the profitability of the various investments. It is also known as the cash flow return at discounted rate. It is also known as the interest rate which is effective in context of the loans and savings. However the environmental factors are not considered in the calculation of IRR (Wright, 2015). Importance of NPV and IRR The feasibility of a project can be determined from the net present value method. It is an authentic method of project evaluation as it uses the time value of money as the cash inflows are determined using discounted cash flow method. The original return from a project can be determined from the internal rate of return. It determines the outflow of cash that has been spent on investment and the cash inflows that comes to a company as a result of investment. The feasibility of an investment project can be determined from IRR (Khan Jain, 2004). Calculation of NPV and IRR Initial Capital Outlay $25,000.00 Rent per month $2,000.00 Annual rent $24,000.00 Gross profit per cake $7.00 Cakes sold to grocery store $500.00 Total gross profit per month $3,500.00 Annual Gross Profit $42,000.00 Capital inflow Rent + Sale of cake $66,000.00 Year Capital Inflow PVF PV 1 $66,000.00 $0.94 $62,264.15 2 $66,000.00 $0.89 $58,739.77 3 $66,000.00 $0.84 $55,414.87 4 $66,000.00 $0.79 $52,278.18 5 $66,000.00 $0.75 $49,319.04 Present value of Total Capital inflow $278,016.01 Net Present value $253,016.01 Capital outlay ($25,000) Year 1 66000 Year 2 66000 Year 3 66000 Year 4 66000 Year 5 66000 IRR 264% References Belli, P. (2001). Economic Analysis of Investment Operations: Analytical Tools and Practical ... (pp. 200-230). Clayton, G., Spivey, C. (2015). The time value of money: worked and solved problems. Khan, M., Jain, P. (2004). Financial management ; Text, problems and cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Nikbakht, E., Nikbakht, E., Groppelli, A. Finance. New York: Barron's. Silver, T. (2009). The Time Value of Life: Why Time Is More Valuable Than Money (pp. 5-30). Wright, T. (2015). Why Is the Internal Rate of Return Important to an Organization?. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/internal-rate-return-important-organization-67279.html

Organization sustainability strategy

Introduction The resource based theory has been an important step in strategic management, as it has provided a new point of view to explain firm’s success. According to the focus on resources, a firm’s success is due to joint resources and capabilities which an enterprise owns and which makes it different from its competitors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organization sustainability strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Resource based theory is approach applied in business management to choose the appropriate company’s resources. It argues that for a company to be successful in any competitive market it has to utilize all its available resources. This theory emphasizes the selecting company’s main resources. These resources should be rare, valuable, non substitutable and inimitable. For company’s performance to grow, it is important to protect its crucial resource (Conn er Prahalad 1996, p. 485). Resource based theory is different from market focused approach in that, for it to fully benefit from growth opportunities it has to venture in new markets. For a company to prosper, it has to frequently evaluate its weakness and strength. To enhance company‘s capabilities, it is essential to strategize on future market opportunities and improve firm’s processes and structure. Resources contribute to organizational success and competitive advantage. Firm’s success is dependent on industry’s location attractiveness and competitive advantage over rivals. Industry attractiveness is the key basis for success. Firms should look for environment that is favorable, and then locate attractive strategic groups and segments in the firms. Firms should moderate pressure from opponents by adjusting their firm structure and influencing competitors’ behavior (Grant 1991, p. 126). Tangible and intangible resources and their contributions to sustainable competitive advantage Firms have their resource based approach encroached in the organization economies literature, where theories of profit and competition focus on the firm’s internal resources as key determinant of success in a competition.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Central understanding of research based view of a firm is the definition of resources, competitive advantage, and sustained competitive advantages (Andrews1971). Anything considered of weakens or strength in a firm is a resource. Tangible resources are tied semi permanently to a firm. It also includes all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, and information. Additionally, tangible resource entails knowledge controlled by a firm. This knowledge enables firm to come up with new strategies and implement them in order to boost firm’s effectiveness and efficiency (Amit Schoemaker 1993, p. 38). There are various types of tangible resources. They include; physical capital resources which consists of the firm plants and equipment, technology and geographic location. Tangible resources also include such things as experience, judgment, and intelligence of the individual manager and workers in a firm. Firm’s capital resources entails planning, firm’s structure, controlling and coordinating systems, and the informal relation among groups within the firm and between the firms and other firms in its environment (Barney 1991, p. 104). Both tangible and non tangible resources are the sources of competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is a situation in which a firm strategizes and comes up with an idea that is not being implemented by any other firm. For competitive advantage to be realized, a firm has to have heterogeneity in resources, and resource immobility. Variance in resources among firms is referred to as firm res ource heterogeneity. The prior assumption, make the difference between traditional strategic theory and resource based theory. Contrarily, firm resources are considered homogenous in environmentally focused strategy approach. This applies to all firms in an industry. Firm resources immobility is a situation in which firms which are competing fail to secure resources from other resource market or firms.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organization sustainability strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the environmentally focused strategy model, resources are mobile. This means that firms can poses, buy or make resources which are owned by another firm. There a concept distinction between sustained advantage and competitive advantage. Within the resource based theory, a sustained competitive advantage occurs due to incapability of other competing firms to have similar benefits of competitive advantage. In th is case, there is sustaining of competitive advantage until all efforts by competitor to duplicate the advantage have ceased. Therefore, four criteria are involved in providing a sustained competitive advantage: the resource must be unique and able to add positive value to the firm or rare between current and potential competitors, the resource must be imperfectly imitable, and the resource cannot be substituted with another resource by competing firm (Barney 1986, p. 1238). In strategic management, the resource based approach suggests that organization theory and organization behavior may rich source of finding and theories concerning rare, non imitable and non substitutable resources in a firm. The following are the qualities required for a resource to be a source of sustained competitive advantage: it must be rare, add value to the firm, it should inimitable and there must be no adequate substitutes for the resources. Bearing in mind the concept of intangible resources and the en umeration issued it can be clearly deduced that human resources (skills, know-how, talent, and so on) are intangible resources, the importance of which has already been recognized. However, until a few years ago, little attempt has been made to identify and give structure to the nature and role of intangible resources in strategic management. Intangible resources, as tangible ones, may create competitive advantages because they are the basis capabilities. Balance sheet does not show the actual value of intangible resources.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This document does not show the value of employees’ knowledge, know-how, talent, innovative capacity, and the like. Intangible resources may generate competitive advantages if they are strategic that is, if they comply with joint conditions (Penrose 1959). Considering human resources’ own capabilities, skills, and potential which are crucial for a firm’s success, then these resources may be: scarce if these capacities are not suitable in the labor market; valuable because they make it possible to offer products or services highly valued by customers; difficult to imitate because a person’s job depends not only on his knowledge, but also on his satisfaction, motivation, intuition, and personality; non replaceable because it is very difficult to get the same results from different resources; or a part of the obtained rents are appropriated by the enterprise because its workers do not accurately know their value. A problem now arises from the condition regar ding acquisition. Intangible resources may be attracted to an enterprise which offers higher compensation, higher responsibility, career development programs, and the like. For this reason, some companies are adopting measures that make it more difficult for crucial workers to leave or measures that create a greater feeling of being a part of the firm. Consider that intangible resources are able to be strategic resources. Intangible resources may generate functional and cultural capabilities due to experience, abilities, values, integration in the company, and so forth. These capabilities are sources for a competitive advantage. So, the resource based theory suggests that intangible resources may create or sustain a competitive advantage through competency development (Witcher Chau 2008, p. 72). Nature and roles of intangible resources Intangibles resources are strategic firm’s resources whose main objective is to facilitate a firm in making sustainable values which are not affordable to most of firms (rarity). They are sources of long-term benefits which cannot be possessed by other firms. They cannot be imitated by competitors or substituted by other resources. They are immobile; this means that intangible resources cannot be replicated, traded or transferred by competitors. They are non financial, non physical, and cannot be represented in financial statement. Additionally, they have a finite life. These make them intangible in nature. For intangible resources to be represented in financial statement, they need to be connected to firm’s services and products identifiable from other resources. Additionally, it should be a distinguishable outcome of precedent business (McGowan Porter 2003, p. 82). Prior to discussing the potential of intangible resources for constituting a sustained competitive advantage, it is important to clarify conception of intangible resources. Intangible resources are tools of human capital under the firm’s contr ol in a direct employment relation. Intangible resource practices, on the other hand, are the organizational activities oriented towards running a team of human capital and making sure that the capital is employed towards the fulfillment of organization goal. Application of resource based theory focuses directly on skills of human being in organization. It also seeks to genotypically classify organization based on competencies. In this model, these competencies are found in the knowledge, skills, and abilities of organizational members. Mutually these approaches identify the significance of the individual member of organization as the important resource, rather than the practices or procedures used by firm (Aryee1994, p. 74). Intangible resources and sustainability resource based approach points to intangible resources as the key controller of performance sustainability variance a cross firms. Intangible resources refer indistinctly to all concepts excluding resources that are evide ntly tangible for instance financial or physical assets. Intangible resources are typically hard to codify and tacit. Mostly, they trade in imperfect factor markets and exhibit complementarities. This has made it very difficult for firms to develop, acquire, replicate and accumulate intangible resources. Additionally, this has made it difficult for them to be understood or copied by other firms. This makes them valuable and prone to be the basis of a sustainable competitive advantage for a firm. Resource based approach prediction about the role of intangibles resources in sustaining superior firm performance can be made formal by assuming that the higher the intangible resources a firm possess, the larger the sustainability of its competitive advantage. However, stating the prediction in such a way does not lead to a very power fullest of the underlying theory. For instance, assumption like that could be right due to size effects linked to industry with the prior argument making int angibles resources so crucial under resource based approach. Therefore, in formation regarding significance of intangible resource in the aggregate may not capture the gist of resource based approach (Peteraf 1993, p.186). Rather, resource based approach arguments seem to suggest assessment on significance of intangibles resources relative to tangibles resources and the degree of intangibility of a firm’s resources. For instance, from a resource based perspective, the tact of the firm’s knowledge base, the complexity of a firm’s activities and the complementarities among them, or the firm’s dependence on imperfect factor markets, and a recall characteristics that can be expected to translate into a greater degree of intangibility of the firm’s resource endowment. The challenge in imitating, substituting or trading intangible resources endowment arises from such characteristics and is in turn responsible for the greater sustainability expected under resource based approach. There are specific vehicle through which the characteristics of intangible resources reflects into sustainability of firm’s competitive advantages. Because of because of lower tradability and higher stickiness of tangible resources they are subjected to commitment source, which are defined as the tendency of strategies to persist overtime. Commitment in turn is the general explanation for organizations sustained differences in performance (Conner Prahalad1996, p. 479). If intangibles resources help sustain performance differences across firms by enhancing the sustainability of competitive advantage, then competitive advantages must either stay constant or also persist in time. Radical innovation destroys the usefulness of firms existing capabilities or architectural knowledge. Core rigidities are the innovation inhibiting downside of core capabilities. Resources management is developing and implementing new practices which motivate employees, increa se their abilities, develop new capabilities, and increase their liabilities Meaning and the nature of dynamic capabilities and how they contribute to sustainable competitive advantage Dynamic capabilities are defined as the ability of a firm to reconfigure, build, and integrate external and internal competences to deal with dynamic environments. It refers to firm’s capacity to attain innovative and new types of competitive advantage provided that market position and path dependencies are availed. Capabilities, includes assets, skills and gathered knowledge put in practice via organizational processes that facilitate firms to synchronize activities and make use of their resources (Coyne1986, p. 58). Empirical indicators for sustainable competitive advantage are that, it must be imitable, rare and valuable. A capability is considered valuable or effectiveness. Resource based approach expresses value in terms of economic rents, which can be defined as returns to a factor in exc ess of its opportunity costs which presents two types of economic rents. In order to be a source for competitive advantage, the capability must also be rare that is not possessed by many other competitors. The same reasoning is also valid for bundles of resources if they are all needed in order to implement a strategy. Exactly how rare the capability or resources must be in order to form the basis for a competitive advantage is difficult to say. In general, a capability should be considered rare as long as the number of owners of the capability is lower than the number needed for perfect competitive dynamics in an industry (Barton1992, p.120). Having a valuable and rare capability provides a company with dynamic competitors. However, in order to avoid replication by competitors, the capability at hand must also be imperfectly imitable that is too difficult or too costly for other companies to obtain. To sustain such imitable position, resource based approach acknowledges the importa nce for the existence of capabilities. Thus, a particular history can explain the possession of a certain capability as well as the difficulties for other companies with another history to acquire it. Except for history dependency, imitation may be difficult because the link between particular capabilities sustainable competitive advantage is unclear that is causally ambiguous (Stalk Shulman1992, p.58). An additional reason for being imperfectly imitable is when the capability is a complex social phenomenon, in which personal relationships, reputation between customers or a specific company culture plays an important role. A part from having a valuable, rare and imperfectly imitable capability, it is also necessary to have proper organizational processes that can successfully exploit it. Understanding mechanisms through which competitive advantage can be persistent for long period. This requires strategy design in to maximally exploit effects of firm’s unique characteristics (Eisenhardt Martin 2000, p. 1114). These processes are often named complementary processes and include features such as formal reporting structure, explicit management control systems, and compensation policies. In recent years, as markets and industry settings have been changing faster, the question of how to create, expand and modify operational capabilities has become increasingly important. Dynamic capabilities may perhaps be best approached on a somewhat metaphorical level as the many, and often relatively open-ended definitions indicate advantage and do not replace the operational capabilities. Expressed differently, dynamic capabilities contribute to the sustainability of the competitive advantage, but on their own they cannot be a source for competitive advantage. Dynamic capabilities are organizational processes. For example, things are done in the firm, or what might be referred to as its routines, or patterns of current play three roles: integration and coordination of a ctivities both internal and external to the company, facilitation of learning on an individual as well as on an organizational level, and reconfiguration its resources or capabilities. Dynamic capabilities are concerned with the integration of resources (Teece Shuen1997, p. 517). For instance, strategic decision making can be regarded as a dynamic capability when managers pool different types of expertise into a strategy for the firm. Dynamic capabilities can also be about reconfiguration of resources within firms. Also, replication can be such a dynamic capability. Another type of dynamic capability is based on knowledge creation routines. For example, how managers and others build new thinking and knowledge into the company (Yip 2004, p. 20). Conclusion During strategizing firms mainly consider capabilities and resources available. These two identities are the key aspect in which firms base their work frame. Additionally they determine firm profits and efficiency. The main focus of resource based theory to strategy formulation is undertaking the relationships between resources, capabilities, competitive advantage, and profitability. In particular, an understanding of mechanisms through which competitive advantage can be persistent for long period. Ever since the industrial revolution, the human resource function has suffered important changes which can be summarized by the existence of two tendencies. The hard tendency, whose key idea is the minimization of a firm’s costs, included labor costs. The soft tendency, which considers resources as a key element to be optimized, in consequence, gives importance to the employee’s motivation and satisfaction. Tangible and intangible resources are the sources of competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is a situation in which a firm strategizes and comes up with an idea that is not being implemented by any other firm. For competitive advantage to be realized, a firm has to have heterogeneity in reso urces, and resource immobility. Variance in resources among firms is referred to as firm resource heterogeneity. The resource based theory has made it possible to mark the significance of resources for a firm since it facilitates in making competitive advantages. Consequently, resources management is developing and implementing new practices which motivate employees, increase their abilities, develop new capabilities, and increase their liabilities. References Amit, R Schoemaker, P 1993, ‘Strategic assets and organizational rent,’ Strategic Management Journal, vol.14, pp. 33-46. Andrews, K 1971, The concept of corporate strategy, Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin. Aryee, S 1994, ‘The social organization of careers as a source of sustained competitive advantage,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 5, pp. 67-88. Barney, B 1986, ‘Strategic factor markets’, Management Science, vol.32, pp.1231-1241. Barney, B 1991, ‘F irm resources and sustained competitive advantage’, Journal of Management, vol.17 no.1, pp.99-120. Barton, D 1992, ‘Core capabilities and core rigidities’, Strategic Management Journal, vol.13, pp.111-125. Conner, R Prahalad, K 1996, ‘A resource based theory of the firm: knowledge versus opportunism,’ Organization Science, vol. 7, 477–501. Coyne, K 1986, ‘Sustainable competitive advantage: what it is and what it isn’t,’ Business Horizons, pp. 54-61. Eisenhardt, K Martin, (2000), ‘Dynamic capabilities: what are they?’ Strategic Management Journal, vol. 21, pp.1105-1121. Grant, R. 1991, ‘The Resource based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation,’ California Management Review, vol. 33, no.3, pp. 114-135. McGowan, M Porter, E 2003, ‘The emergence and sustainability of abnormal profits,’ Strategic Organization, vol. 1, 79–108. Penrose, T 1959, The T heory of the growth of the firm, New York, NY John Wiley. Peteraf, A 1993, ‘The corner stones of competitive advantage: are source based view’, Strategic Management Journal, vol.14 no.10, pp.179-191. Stalk, G. Shulman, L1992, ‘Competing on capabilities: the new rules of corporate strategy’, Harvard Business Review, pp.57-69. Teece, D Shuen, A 1997, ‘Dynamic capabilities and strategic management’, Strategic Management Journal, vol.18, pp. 509-533. Witcher, B Chau, V 2008, ‘Strategic and performance management balanced Score cards at EDF energy and Tesco’, Strategic Change, vol. 4, pp. 56-123. This report on Organization sustainability strategy was written and submitted by user Lea L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sybolism in A Rose for Emily essays

Sybolism in A Rose for Emily essays In the short story, A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, symbolism is used frequently throughout the story. There are several different symbolic subjects in this story such as the house, Miss Emily as a monument, Homer and the Yankee views, and Miss Emilys old Negro servant who represents death in the story. Miss Emily is compared to her house in many different ways, there is the description of the decaying house which symbolizes Miss Emilys physical and emotional decay, and as well as her mental problems. The representation between Miss Emily and the house is shown through the constant neglect that is given to her from the neighbors and people in the town. Faulkner in one point makes, the house is described to be stubborn and unrelenting, as Miss Emily portrays the same aspects. Miss Emily shows her stubbornness when she doesnt let the new guard attach metal numbers above her door. Also many other signs of this stubbornness is when Miss Emily refuses to believe that her father is dead and when she refuses to pay taxes. This retracts back to the house on how it rejects progression and updating, so does Miss Emily, as they become decaying symbols of their dying generation. Miss Emily really is representing the Old South, her southern heritage and her points of view are given through her actions. Thats where she gets her stubbornness and attitude from the strong characteristics of her Southern heritage. She refused to believe that the times where changing and refused to change into the new society like everyone else in the town was doing. The Southern heritage is also represented through Miss Emilys strict and repetitive ways. The story basically addresses the changes in the South after the Civil War. Miss Emily is considered a monument of the Southern manners and her past values that she has. The Old South generations were dying qui...

How Does Common Core Work for Children who are Deaf and Hard of Assignment

How Does Common Core Work for Children who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing - Assignment Example Before the Common Core Standards came in place, each state had its own standards. The standards varied considerably in the areas of focus and content hence leading to different learning outcomes. As such, there was a need to formulate a common national standard for learning by which states could make tailored changes that meet their priority. Individuals without hearing loss acquire 80% of their information through accidental means. However, the figures for those who are deaf and hard of hearing is lower due to the fact that hearing loss interrupts the path of information from the teacher to the student. Consequently, there is the need for specialized training for teachers of students who are deaf or are hard of hearing so as to address the needs of these students. It states that transitions from school to the real world environment are a real challenge for students who are deaf and hard of hearing. Therefore, Gunderson claims that the Common Core State Standards have been expanded to incorporate eight fields which are, audiology, family education, functional skills for success in education, communication, technology, self-determination and advocacy, and career education. According to Gunderson, the Common Core State Standards should empower the students and help them in understanding their current predicaments through audiology. This is one method of early intervention and will help them to understand themselves at an early age. Family education is a crucial component of the Common Core Standards. The families of deaf and hard hearing children may be faced with numerous challenges such as acceptance, educational services, language to use and mode of communication.

The existence of botnets is the most serious threat to the information Essay

The existence of botnets is the most serious threat to the information security today - Essay Example In other words, when one downloads bot software embedded in an email using a computer, the computer gets infected with the bot software and becomes part of the botnet. For a botnet to qualify as a botnet, it must always take action on a client machine through IRC channels, without the intervention of a bot herder. This means that the hacker (or group of hackers) need not personally log onto the client’s computer. Botnets usually are host to several threats as one package. Typically, the botnet is made up of the bot server and at least one botclients. History of Botnets The origin of bots is associated with positive objectives, mainly to automate activities, the first real botnet being established in 1993. Botnets for example were used to run activities such as internet games, protect channels and perform conversions (Hudak, nd). Over time, the positive attributes evolved and started to be exploited for malicious purposes. Today, the negative activities carried out by botnets i nclude sending of spam, controlling of client PCs against their wishes and to propagate viruses and worms. Botnets first existed with DoS and DDoS with hackers creating better ways of managing the bots over time. From the traditional Command and Control (C&C) mechanism, botnets became transmitted signals based on P2P, IRC and HTTP according to Hudak (nd). The potential of botnets today cannot be understated. It is not uncommon for example for one botnet to consist of over 10,000 computers. It is also not rare to find a botnet consisting of over 400000 computers.The potential of having so many bots interconnected makes the potential of any botnet go beyond common imagination. In fact, it is this potential that is normally harnessed by botmasters (whether with positive or negative intentions) to achieve their goals or accomplish goals fast and efficiently. How Botnets Work and What they are used for The establishment of a botnet depends on the existence of a hacker, a server and clien t computers. The hacker creates and transmits commands to a computer through a server. The server performs this function repeatedly thereby creating an army of bots that lie in the control of the botmaster. Botnets having been created may be used for a myriad of activities including spamming, phishing, executing click fraud, transmitting Ad-ware as well as for Distributed Denial of Service (DDos) among pother purposes. In 1988 for example, a person by the name of Morris infected over 6,000 computers with Worm worm which represented about 10 percent of Fi (Schiller, 2007). The loss associated with this infection was approximated at between 10 and 100 million USD. Impact of Botnets on Information Security Those in favor of the establishment of botnets argue that botnets make work easier and is a creative way of making cash just like any other job (Schiller, 2007). In consideration of the fact stated above, botnets have been used before to make mega kills by persons with malicious inte ntions as they seek financial motivation or publicity. It has, for example, been reported that Jeanson James in 2006 earned over 60,000 US dollars using a botnet of 400,000 computers that transmitted ad-ware. The amount of publicity that botnets draw to their creators is usually amazing when they are discovered. Apart from the economic benefits of botnets to their creators, a lot of harm is associated with their existence especially considering that a lot of important information is stored by individuals and

GWF Hegel and the Development of Moral Integrity Essay Example for Free

GWF Hegel and the Development of Moral Integrity Essay Moral integrity is the core and purpose of Hegel’s moral writing. The point is to reconnect mankind with the nature and purpose of their development, something that Bookchin shares. Moral integrity is a process, a process that develops only through institutions, and hence, is perfectly a part of this paper: ethical integrity is a social integrity, both created by and mediated by institutions (Horowitz, 1966, 8). For Hegel, these institutions are three-fold, the family, the civil (economic) society, and the state itself. These three things work together to form to integral personality and mediate it through the various elements of day to day life. While often highly rarified and theoretical, it seems that Hegel, in reality, is the most practical of all the writers we have examined. The moral personality as an integral unit is mediated through, first, the family. Initially the moral personality is seen as the opposite of integral: completely and absolutely free to adopt any end whatsoever. This is not a good things, but is the very source of capriciousness and arbitrariness. The entire point of building the morally integral person is to provide this otherwise empty will with purpose and content. The first institution to do this is the biological family. In this first and vital institution, the human person is shaped to love and to see oneself in the other. Mutual aid is a fact in the family, and such mutual aid seeks no profit, but exists in and of itself, helping and assisting for the sake of loving (Horowitz, 1966, 12). But this institution, as significant as it is, is not self-sufficient. In order to function and survive, it needs to be a part of the broader society and its productive capacities, hence, it passes over into what Hegel calls â€Å"civil society. † This second institution is similar to Locke’s principle of productive property. This is the realm of free action, of the drive to manifest one’s personality in work. Here, it is morally legitimate and useful for a person to seek gain and profit. The family was the arena for love and self-sacrifice, civil society is the arena for its opposite. But, just as the family is not self sufficient, neither is the market. The market leads to oligarchy ane the domination of capital. If unchecked, as Bookchin reminds us, the market will take on a life of its own, and all things will be valued on the basis of their monetary value. Hence, the economic life of the people will finally resolve itself into the state, a far more complex manifestation of the family, headed by the king, a patriarch (Yack, 1980, 710-712). The state manifests the universal mind of the people. Locke and Proudhon hold that the true nature of the natural law has its repository in the people: here, it is the people coming together in the state, the state as the ultimate integral individual. So while all three of the above writers saw the state as a problem, Hegel views it as the solution. If natural law and moral integrity are a single concept with basically a single content, then the central state becomes all important as the physical manifestation of this. What is significant is that all four of these writers got to their conclusions in the very same way, through the application of natural law in the construction of morally integral beings. 5. Conclusion All four of these writers used natural law. All four denounced the world of market capitalism that is not restrained by natural law. All four sought to define the integral individual. Locke sought to define this in the property owner, virtuous in the respect that he would not judge in his own case, but he will be a part of a limited state that would objectively apply civil law to criminal cases. Proudhon rejected the state, and defined the integral person as a producer, a part of a guild or organization based around economic function, operating in a free arena where goods and services are exchanged via contract. The morally integral person, then, functioned as an honest broker, one who maintains his promises and promotes the good of all in so doing. For Book chin, the morally integral person was a real citizen: the balance between market goods, the natural world, political rights and communal responsibility. The morally integral person limits his needs to what is good for the community and what preserves the natural beauty around him. Lastly, Hegel sees the morally integral person as a developmental entity: someone who has all his natural attributes, the lover and the fighter, synthesized in the state and the national culture. Bibliography: Bookchin, Murray (1993) â€Å"What is Social Ecology? † in Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. ME Zimmerman, ed.Prentice Hall Forde, Steven. (2001) â€Å"Natural Law, Theology and Morality in Locke. † The American Journal of Political Science 45, 396-409 George, William (1922). â€Å"Proudhon and Economic Federalism. † The Journal of Political Economy. 30, 531-542 Horowitz, Irving. (1966) â€Å"The Hegelian Concept of Political Freedom. † The Journal of Politics. 28, 3-28 Proudhon, Pierre (1977) The Principle of Federation. The University of Toronto Press. Seliger, M. (1963) â€Å"Locke’s Natural Law and the Foundation of Politics. † The Journal of the History of Ideas. 24, 337-354 Yack, Bernard (1980) â€Å"The Rationality of Hegel’s Concept of Monarchy† APSR 74, 709-720

The Life of William Penn Essay -- American History

William Penn, most commonly known for the establishment of the state of Pennsylvania, could also be referred to as the first great pioneer of American liberty. His beliefs on equal rights and religious toleration not only contributed to liberty in the Old World, but in the New World as well. In a time when religions persecuted one another for their beliefs, colonists were stealing land from Indians, and women had little to no rights, Penn established a sanctuary free from the stereotypes that were common in that time in history. Founded by William Penn, Pennsylvania and the eventual city of Philadelphia still bear the marks of the advancement of religious tolerance still witnessed by society today. William Penn was born October 14, 1644 in London, England and spent most of his youth in that general vicinity. He was the oldest of three children, having a younger brother and a younger sister. â€Å"As the eldest son, Penn followed the usual path as heir to his father’s estates. Thus he was educated in the typical manner of the gentry, being sent to a private school and later to a university† (Geiter, 14). After being homeschooled until the age of 11, he began his formal training at Chigwell Academy near Wanstead in Essex, England. Penn attended several colleges throughout Europe including Oxford University and Lincoln’s Inn, a prestigious law school in London. William Penn’s education and law background helped round out his skills and prepared him to take his place in society but his eventual conversion to Quakerism prevented him from entering a political career as expected by his family. â€Å"While Penn did not follow the traditional route, by becom ing, for example, a member of parliament, he did become a major figure in English Politics† ... ...ter, Mary K. William Penn. Harlow, England: Longman, 2000. 14, 167. Print. Powell, Jim. "William Penn, America's First Great Champion for Liberty and Peace." Quaker.org. The Freeman. Web. 1 Mar. 2012. Patton, Allyson. "Brotherly Love Comes To Philadelphia." British Heritage 26.6 (2006): 43-48. MasterFILE Premier. Jstor. 20 Mar. 2012. Foster, Genevieve. The World of William Penn. New York: Scribner, 1973. 32. Print. Geiter, Mary K., and W. A. Speck. Colonial America: From Jamestown to Yorktown. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 97. Print. William Penn Biography. N.p., 3 Dec. 2007. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. . Lingelbach, William E. â€Å"William Penn and City Planning.† The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography , Vol. 68, No. 4 (Oct.,1944): 401. MasterFILE Premier. Jstor. 20 Mar. 2012.

Inspirational Leader

1. 0 Introduction The Book that I had selected on business is â€Å"The Inspirational Leader† which written by John P G Tan. John P G Tan is one of the country’s highly sought after leadership trainer and speaker. The purpose of this book is to help bring about better management and leadership amongst the people of the country. His belief is that we can become leaders who can make the difference. John P G Tan trains for companies large and small and his training sessions have been consistently rated as excellent, exciting and enriching.He runs his own training company, Professional Skills Trainers Sdn Bhd, and has developed â€Å"The Inspirational Leader† program, a program which made a difference to countless people. Besides that this book is to give us the skills that we need to turn from a scratcher to a soarer. (John (2002) said) This book will also point us in the direction of the areas that we will need further development on. We can become inspiring leader s, but we must know the skills and the reason for being inspirational rather than remaining mediocre of this great transformation process. John (2002) said) So it is with leadership. There are those who think that they are leaders when in reality the only thing that they are leading is themselves into delusion about their leadership abilities. On the other hand, there are those who lead their team to greater heights, whose goal in life is to add value to those for whom they are responsible. There are the ones who inspire us to go on. (John (2002) said) This book will help is discover just how to become an inspiring leader.The book gives us, step-by-step, and in a very down-to-earth manner, the skills that we will need to, for examples, get your leadership paradigms right, overcome negative mindsets of leadership, think out of the box, acquire the essential skills that you will need to become an effective, inspiring leader. 2. 0 Climbing Up the Inspirational Leadership Rungs To becom e an effective leader, one has to climb the Five steps of Leadership. John believe that there are perhaps 6 Levels to the question of leadership. He call this the 6 Rungs of Inspirational Leadership. John (2002) said)The reason is because RUNGS denote that we have some climbing to do, that effort is needed if we want to proceed and that the effort will require us feet as well as our hands. The journey is not an easy one but rewarding one nonetheless. The first Rung is that of YEARNING. At this level, we are not even a leader yet. We just eyeing the horizon, thinking about all the wonderful things that we would do if we were a leader. John’s experience is that most of the people here are around the 25-28 years of age bracket, educated and who have a desire to go forward.For some, the way forward seems to be well prepared, but for most of us the way ahead can seem rather hazy. But we have that desire to progress and to that end our arm ourselves with the necessary qualification s and training to get to that next level. (John (2002) said) The second rung is that of BEING, being the manager or leader, that is, we get here by being technically competent. At this point people follow you because, quite frankly, they just don’t have a choice. You are their boss and whether they like it or not, they are going to have to take orders from you.Not the prettiest of situations to be in, but a situation relished by some people nonetheless. But before you go off and think that this rung is therefore obsolete, think against. It is a position that you must have. But you must not stay put here. You must have the desire to keep on keeping on. (John (2002) said) The third rung is the rung of BEFRIENDING. Here, your subordinated actually quite enjoy being with you and will actually do things for you because they want to rather than feel that they have to.At this level, to get people to turn towards loving you, you would have to practice a fair amount of human relations skills, as well as communication skills. The problem is that most of us progress upwards on technical competence. (John (2002) said) Rung four is the rung of PRODUCING. This is when people admire you because they see that your leadership brings about results. They come to you with a problem and you help them solve the problem, not refer them to some other department. They come to you with a crisis and you develop opportunities out of that crisis.The level four person is one adroit in the skills of problem solving, creative thinking and communication. (John (2002) said) The fifth rung had to do with what you have done with your subordinates. The other levels were generally about you but a level five, the rung of REPLICATION, you are more concerned about your people’s development. At this level, the leader’s concern is about helping his people develop to their fullest potential. (John (2002) said) The last level, level 6 is about INSPIRING. Here, the people are loyal to you because you are loyal to them. Here, they are true followers because they see in you a true leader.They are willing to walk two miles when you asked for an extra one because they saw the same trait in you. At this level, you are an inspiration to the people around you. (John (2002) said) 3. 0 The 3 Essential Skills A guy called Robert L Katz did some research and found that we all needed three essential skills. He called these skills technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills. (John (2002) said) Technical skills are essentially knowledge skills, the type of skills you acquire when you go to college and university for your studies. At the lower level management, technical skills are of great importance.This simply means that if you are to begin progressing, you will need to be technically competent. (John (2002) said) Human skills are the skills required to work with human beings and since almost all work is centered around other human beings, we will be in great need of these skills. Executives in all levels of management require this skill be it lower, middle or top level management. People who have this skill are able to get the best out of their people towards greater heights of achievement and self-development. All of us believe that we are pretty good at handling people.But the truth is that for most part there are more people who practice bad human relations skills than those who practice good ones. (John (2002) said) The third skill is that of conceptual skills, the ability to think and conceptualize, visualize and then help make things materialize as a result of the ability to look ahead. This skill becomes more and more important as you climb higher up to the 6-R. As you get to the level of Producing, you are going to need lots of this skill. Conceptual skill is like that, that is if we have it, and use it. We create value for others be they our internal customers or our external ones.Conceptual skills help us to surpass the competition , position and reposition products and services so that we create value for those we serve. This in turns brings in a level of loyalty that we would not have otherwise achieved. (John (2002) said) 4. 0 Stop That Bad Trickle Down The problem with management and leadership is that they suffer from what is sometimes called the trickle down effect. What is the trickle down effect? Simply this. We get into the job market. We report to a boss who is less than inspiring. These not quite so professional bosses push down lousy management practices and principles on us.By virtue of the fact that we are at the bottom of the totem people, we dare not challenge any of these bad bosses. The day arrives and we become bosses. Now is the time to let out some of our pent-up feelings. So we push down all the things that we didn’t like pushed at us to those below us. We trickle down bad management and leadership practices. The guys below us wait till it’s their turn to do more of the same . Well, it’s about time this is stopped. And it can stop with you. (John (2002) said) Take a little time off and ask yourself what are the good things that you have learned from your previous bosses.List these things down. Basically, listing down the good things that you have seen in your bosses. Make sure that you trickle these down to your subordinates. Then ask yourself what are the not so nice things that you have had to lap up from those above you. List them and make sure that you do not perpetuate these practices. 5. 0 Treat People As People Let’s start with this major area of self-development- if you want to turn hate to love, for example, the area of Human Skills. One of the problems that we face today is that people don’t really care for one another. We are only nice to others when we need them to do something for us.At other times, we are nice to them because we might need them to do something for us in the future. The rest of the time, we just canâ₠¬â„¢t seem to be bothered. We have lost the sense of looking at people as people. We often mouth words like â€Å"people are our biggest assets† and then we go and treat them otherwise. Insincerity is rife in management today. We tend to look at people only as things to help us achieve our objectives. In many situations we call up others not to find out how they are, but to see if we could somehow solicit their help to achieve some goals that we have. (John (2002) said) Treat people as people.If you like being treated as a thing, useable to others only when they need you, then do the same. Don’t bother to inquire after health and well being of your subordinates. Only call on them when you need things done. And when you don’t need them, cast them away. (John (2002) said) If you do that, then please remember, that’s what they will do to you too. Take a good look at yourself today and very sincerely ask yourself the following questions. Please be brutally si ncere and honest with yourself. Am I a user? Do i really look after cares and concerns of my subordinates or do I just tend to look after my own cares and concerns?Do I ooze charm only when I need the other person’s help? Or am I really concerned about the developmental welfare of my people? 6. 0 Watch The Words It is easier said than done. Criticizing, condemning and complaining are about the easiest things to do, almost second nature to most of us. A simple example will illustrate this point. (John (2002) said) When you are out driving your car and someone overtakes you rather recklessly what is your normal reaction? I would bet that the tough â€Å"crazy driver† would have gone through your mind more than once. Looks like we are about the only ones driving at the right speeds on the roads.We have the habits, and it’s a bad habit, of looking at things, seeing the worst in them and then condemning the person or persons involved. (John (2002) said) Well it was s imply this, that negative words can really kill a person’s initiative. And when we have done that, it can take ages to try and win that person’s confidence back against. Watch your words. Take a good look over your vocal thesaurus and see what kind of words, phrases and jargon you use. Learn to reduce the usage of words that criticize, condemn and complain. (John (2002) said) Remember, if you are a manager, your words hold weight. So what has this got to do with black dot?Just this, address the black dots when you see them. But address them with words that build and develop, not words that destroy and demotivate. 7. 0 The Other Guy’s Got Right Too We are still looking at the rung of Befriending at rung three where you are trying to change the attitudes and mindset of the people whom you manage from one of â€Å"have to† to â€Å"want to†. This if you remember, is a prerequisite of changing from hate to love. (John (2002) said) At this point it migh t be a good idea to take a look at this principle, the principle that the other guy does have rights, the same kinds of rights that you have.Perhaps a good place to start would be to look at what some of these rights are. People have the right to be respected and to be treated in a respectful manner. It matters not what his or her station in life is, the point is simple. If that person is a human being, then he or she deserves to be treated with some level of respect. (John (2002) said) The trouble is that most of us equate respect for the other person with his or her socio-economic status. Thus a doctor gets greater amount of respect than say a perhaps a construction worker.The guy who comes around to sell lottery tickets, well, he is a nuisance anyway, disturbing our peace as we have dinner and so does not deserve that much respect. (John (2002) said) We do not actually list down who gets more respect, but we judge and we act accordingly very quickly. I believe that people have th e right to disagree with us. Just try and remember this one, the other guy’s got rights too. 8. 0 The Wisdom Of The Open Mouth Well, the open mouth is basically about how we speak with people, what we do with our mouths. It’s about positive communication skills and therein lies the important words – positive.There are many people who relay nothing but negatives when they open their mouth. Their talk is all about the bad side of people, situations, whatever. Would that they refrain from opening their mouths and fouling up the air. (John (2002) said) Yet there are others who, despite their problems, maintain a positive front and convey nothing but goodness from their mouths. But the Wisdom of the Open Mouth is not about not saying negative things. It’s about saying positive things, saying things in such as way as to edify, to build up the other person, to add value to what is being said and whom it is being said to.At this point it may be good to remind our selves that the wisdom of the open mouth lies not only in the mouth but in the heart and in the mind. The Wise Mouth knows that the brain and the heart must be engaged before words are spewed forth. (John (2002) said) The Wise Mouth thinks before speaking. The Wise Mouth has decided that the words that come from it will build human relation bridges rather than barriers. The Wise Mouth has decided that it will encourage rather than discourage, edify rather than vilify, mold rather than scold. John (2002) said) The Wise Mouth will seek out ways to say things in a positive, caring manner and in so doing add value to those around him or her.The Wise Mouth will not allow foul words to contaminate it. Foul words do nothing but offer an illusion of comfort. Give yourself an oral check-up. Are you generally spreading the good news or the bad news? God knows that there is enough bad news in the world today – take a peek at your daily newspaper and you will get the drift. Kind words ar e often hard to come by, but when they do come by, they add such a dimension of real warmth and comfort to one’s soul. John (2002) said) 9. 0 TeamWork Truth be told, this word â€Å"TeamWork† or Teambuilding is overused and under-understood. Most of us think that teamwork is just about a bunch of people, wearing the same T-shirts, working together. But is that all there is to teamwork? Not by a mile it isn’t. (John (2002) said) The role of inspirational leader’s role in a team is to lead the team to higher grounds, setting down greater and greater challenges. Every team, in order to do well, must plan ahead. But planning ahead is not just about anticipating what actions the team will have to do first next and so on.Planning requires us to also look at what we would like to be or like to achieve at the end of the activity period. (John (2002) said) It is easy to evaluate our team members on quantitative results but such results are not the be-all and end-a ll of team efforts. Perhaps leaders ought to be looking at things like value-inculcation of their team members as well. Inspirational Leaders do one thing much better than uninspiring ones – they encourage their people to talk, to participate, to give feedback – whether positive or negative feedback. John (2002) said) Inspirational leaders also tend to inspire their teams by allowing greater levels of participation in team activities and in team decision making. It is the leader’s duty to bring the best out of his or her people. Look at them and spot their strengths and then strengthen them even further. By sending them for further training and then allowing them to practice what they have learned during those training sessions. By writing up a three – year development plan for these folks. By not waiting for them to ask you to develop them, but to do so proactively. John (2002) said) Then you need to look at their faults and remedy them immediately.Never allows a subordinate’s faults to become a habit for habits are hard to break. 10. 0 Motivating There are two kinds of motivation – one that is centered around motivating yourself and another that is centered around motivating others. At this juncture, I want to only address the one which is centered around motivating others. (John (2002) said) The first principle of motivating others I believe has to do with our own perception of people. This one is really quite self-evident; you treat people nice, they tend to treat you nice. John (2002) said) You treat them bad and you can bet your boots that they will treat you rotten. Somehow, unfortunately, most of us just don’t quite seem to get this into our heads. The second principle of motivating others has to do with giving them the recognition that they deserve for the work well done. A third principle in motivation is simply this – your integrity level. Say what you mean and mean what you say.Always keep to your word. As an inspirational manager your word and your integrity is more important than your signature. John (2002) said) Nothing destroys the confidence that your people have in you than a lack of integrity. Principle number four has to do with involving people. Getting your people involved in the work that you are doing, getting them involved in the decision making process, communicating with them your intentions and asking for their feedback tend to result in better all-round performance and productivity. (John (2002) said) Principle number five has to do with rewards. Make sure that you reward your people for work done. The problem is that too many of us take the easy way out when rewarding our people.We bribe them with money, and only money. Think about how to reward people in different ways. (John (2002) said) 11. 0 The Inspirational Leader At Work The inspirational leader is one who keeps on keeping on; who keeps on reading and learning more and more about the business, th e science and the art of leading, managing and inspiring his or her people. (John (2002) said) Most of us start the journey at a point, when we were formally appointed into some sort of managerial or leadership role. At that point in time, most of us only had our technical expertise to fall back on. John (2002) said)We had little by way of awareness of the skills required to become better leaders. We were at the stage of Unconscious Incompetence. What this means is that we did not know that we lacked the skills of becoming a good leader. (John (2002) said) Then people complain about us or higher ups recognize our lack of ability and they point these shortcomings to us. At this point we move from Unconscious Incompetence to the stage of Conscious Incompetence. (John (2002) said) We now know that we don’t know. A big help this is – but it is nonetheless a good start.We then embark on training programs and so on to enhance our leadership skills. (John (2002) said) We lear n new things to practice. Some of the things in this book might be new to some of you – but to others, they might not. Whatever it is, you learn and begin to practice. You are now in the stage of Conscious Competence. (John (2002) said) What this means is that you have now decided to put into practical application what you have actually learned. Here’s something for those if you who have learned but refuse to translate that learning into practical application – you are still at Conscious Incompetence.Progress is slow and sometimes mistakes are made. But that is really quite acceptable. This is the stage of Conscious Competence. (John (2002) said) You are able to do what is required of you – but you have to think through it before you can practicalize it. The last stage is that of Unconscious Competence. At this stage, you are able to unconsciously put into practice all the various principles that you have learned. All the stuff that has been written in th e preceding chapters is no longer a problem for you. Because you have been practicing them, you have been incrementally improving on them. John (2002) said) 12. 0 Conclusion For as long as we retain our humanness, all of us are going to make mistakes. But then mistakes are simply opportunities to improve.The inspirational leader knows how to take corrective steps when he or she makes mistakes – including apologizing for their mistakes. Then he or she picks up the pieces and gets on with it. As the leader keeps improving, he or she gets to level 6 of the 6-Rungs of Leadership. Here, he or she knows how to delegate, motivate, communication, reward inspire and lead his or her people through the synergistic practice if all the skills acquired.Please don’t think that all there is to being inspirational is in this book. There are just so much more to know, to understand, to practice. The inspirational leader is a true professional who understands the needs to continue improv ing. He picks up extra skills, skills on assertiveness, strategic thinking and a whole range of other career-enhancing skills that will make him an asset to his company, his bosses, his peers and his subordinates. Some final words, is the journey worth it? Those who have travelled that road with me all agree that it is. Those who have travelled that road as my subordinates believe that it is.